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PCA charges

A PCA charge — Prescribed Concentration of Alcohol — is drink driving proven by the number. Unlike a DUI, which is about how you seemed, a PCA charge rests purely on your blood alcohol reading being over the limit for your licence class. That means you can be charged even if you felt completely fine and drove perfectly. And the limit isn't the same for everyone: learners and P-platers (and many commercial drivers) sit at zero or near-zero, while full-licence holders sit at 0.05. There are five ranges — and the higher your reading, the steeper the fine, disqualification, interlock, and, at the top, jail.

The whole idea in one picture

It's the reading, not the driving

A PCA charge stands on the number alone. How you felt or how you drove doesn't come into it — and the band your reading falls into sets the penalty.

0.08 1 · Over the limit it's the number 2 · Feel fine? doesn't matter 3 · Five ranges novice → high 4 · Penalties fine · jail · ban

The five ranges

Your reading is sorted into a band, and the band drives the penalty. (Most states use these figures.)

Novice learner, P1, P2, some professional drivers0.00 – 0.019
Special commercial, heavy vehicle, court-ordered zero0.02 – 0.049
Low range0.05 – 0.079
Mid range0.08 – 0.149
High range0.150 +
The limit depends on your licence. A P-plater at 0.03 is over their limit; a full-licence driver isn't. And because it's the number that counts, you can be charged even if you feel unaffected and caused no accident. Refusing the test is itself a criminal offence, with similar or harsher penalties.

How a charge starts

It usually begins with a breath test — at a random stop, or after an incident:

How it's tested

  • A random breath test (RBT)
  • Or a test after an accident or traffic offence
  • Blow over, and you're taken in for an evidentiary analysis

What follows

  • An immediate licence suspension
  • A court attendance notice (mid and high range)
  • An on-the-spot fine (low range or first offence, in some states)

What the court must prove

For a contested matter, the prosecution has to establish three things:

The three elements

  • You were driving or attempting to drive
  • You were over the limit for your licence class
  • The test was lawful and accurate

Avoiding a conviction

  • Many people plead guilty to a PCA charge
  • But a lawyer may reduce the penalty
  • Or seek a non-conviction — a Section 10 in NSW, or the equivalent elsewhere
Choose your state

Penalties where you are

New South Wales

NSW
High range — top of the scale
High range: up to 18 months in jail

Plus a licence disqualification of 3 years or more. Under the Road Transport Act.

The range is everything. Penalties climb steeply from low to high — and a first low-range matter looks nothing like a high-range or repeat one. A repeat offence or an accident pushes it higher again.
Low range

Interlock

Common defences

Because a PCA charge stands on the reading, most defences challenge that reading or how it was taken:

Test accuracy

The breath or blood analysis was unreliable.

Post-driving drinking

You drank after you'd finished driving, not before.

Rising BAC

Your reading was lower while driving than when tested later.

No actual driving

You were in the car but not operating it.

Charged with a PCA offence? Talk to a lawyer.

Even on a reading, the testing, the timing, and a possible non-conviction are all worth advice — especially before you plead. We can point you to traffic lawyers in your state.

Read this first

This is general information, not legal advice

This page explains how these charges generally work — it can't tell you what will happen in your case. Limits, ranges, penalties and disqualification periods vary by state and territory. If you've been charged, talk to a traffic lawyer before your court date — especially before entering a plea.

Criminal lawyers

Hiring a Criminal Lawyer is Essential if You’ve Been Charged

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While we don’t provide legal advice—as every case is unique and only a qualified lawyer is permitted to do so—we’ll do our best to guide you with relevant general information. If we’re unable to assist, we can refer your query to a criminal lawyer.